Andreas Poppe

Current quantum key distribution (QKD) networks focus almost exclusively on transporting secret keys with the highest possible rate. Consequently, they are built as mostly fixed, ad hoc, logically, and physically isolated infrastructures designed to avoid any penalty to the quantum channel. This architecture is neither scalable nor cost-effective and future, real-world deployments will differ considerably. The structure of the MadQCI QKD network presented here is based on disaggregated components and modern paradigms especially designed for flexibility, upgradability, and facilitating the integration of QKD in the security and telecommunications-networks ecosystem. These underlying ideas have been tested by deploying many QKD systems from several manufacturers in a real-world, multi-tenant telecommunications network, installed in production facilities and sharing the infrastructure with commercial traffic. Different technologies have been used in different links to address the variety of situations and needs that arise in real networks, exploring a wide range of possibilities. Finally, a set of realistic use cases have been implemented to demonstrate the validity and performance of the network. The testing took place during a period close to three years, where most of the nodes were continuously active.

We present data from a medical use-case demonstration from the OpenQKD project. The demonstration combined QKD with Secret Sharing to secure medical data both in transit and at rest. The network with 4 nodes and 4 links was running for more than two months in a deployed inner-city fiber network.

The transition of Quantum Technologies (QT) being no longer pure basic research but touching applied fields with emerging products is companied by requests for standardization and certification. The call of the markets requesting products based on QT will require alignment of QT products to match not only the need for standards but also the proof to fulfil certification procedures. We will isolate and identify the most promising candidates for this endeavour and by listing challenges, obstacles and dependencies we will propose a strategy and envision a standardization roadmap

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is maturing quickly. However, the current approaches to its network use require conditions that make it an expensive technology. All the QKD networks deployed to date are designed as a collection of dedicated point-to-point links that use the trusted repeater paradigm. Instead, we propose a novel network model in which QKD systems use simultaneously quantum and classical signals that are wavelength multiplexed over a common communication infrastructure. Signals are transmitted end-to-end within a metropolitan area using passive components. The model resembles a commercial telecom network and takes advantage of existing components, thus allowing for a cost-effective and reliable deployment.

We present R10, a novel release of the QKD open source software by AIT. We discuss in detail the main modification in architecture, the introduction of autonomous QKD modules that can communicate directly and no longer need a centralized supervision of a QKD node. This approach allows to get rid of performance and throughput bottlenecks and greatly simplify protocol design and implementation. We further discuss novel algorithms in R10, related to authentication as well as reconciliation and error estimation during post processing. We also present a novel QKD IPSEC integration, enabled by R10.

Although QKD has been demonstrated over dark fibers quite successful, it is still challenging to merge it with transparent optical networks, comprising classical optical nodes like traverse optical amplifiers or optical switches. Due to Raman or Rayleigh scattering as well as nonlinear effect like FWM single photon signal are hardly detectable. We present simulations and concepts including QKD into a variety of different PONs with respect to QBER and Shannon limit.