June-Koo Kevin Rhee

Quantum information technologies that utilize entangled photon pairs assume a single- photon source. While this assumption poses no significant issues when the channel loss is low, high loss can have a detrimental impact on the system's performance. To overcome high loss, the most intuitive solution is to increase the gain of entangled photon pairs by sending a large quantity of them. However, high-gain sources tend to degrade the quantum quality of entangled photon pair sources. We derived the density matrix of the quantum state in the distribution of polarization-entangled photon pairs under the non- symmetric channel losses with threshold detectors. We analyzed the variation of the CHSH inequality parameter S and the effective photon state transfer probability 𝑁𝑚 by changing the non-linear gain γ. The increase and subsequent decrease in Nm with increasing γ can be interpreted as follows: when γ is small, the state is not properly transmitted due to high loss, but as γ increases, the error probability, such as double-click events, increases due to the influence of multi-photon events, leading to a decrease in Nm. This result indicates the need to optimize the brightness of the light source for practical implementation in quantum information technologies. This study is expected to contribute to the analysis of discrete variable quantum key distribution(DVQKD) systems like BBM92, E91, and long- distance quantum imaging systems in the future.