Sandip Kanoo

Abstract—Quantum computing has become a threat to classical cryptography, and PQC hash-based signature schemes offer a promising post-quantum alternative. This paper analyzes XMSS, LMSS, SHAKE-256 and WOTS+, evaluating key generation, signing, verification time, and memory usage. The results highlight performance and security, providing practical insight into the implementation of efficient and quantum-resistant digital signature schemes for future cryptographic systems.